Speaking hajesfandiari

speaking
Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information (Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997) .It’s a vehicle for participating in class activities ( Chastain, 1988). we speak according to the situation. while speaking is a dynamic and productive process that is by the result of interrelation. so assume speaking as an interactive, contextualized and communicative event. our speech is based on the context.

in speaking we have three groups of views: environmentalist, innatist and interactionist.

in 1960s we have learning this process being conditional by external environment rather than human internal mental process.

language is an oral phenomenon and considered as a habit.

input is an external stimulus and response include imitating   and repeating input.

if the response is correct   we have receive and reinforcement.

this situation inferred to ALM that is oral speaking. this method is based on drill and substituation, exercise, repeat, grammar and pronunciation.

<span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">speaking was not enough. in 1990 we had only oral repetition of grammatical structure.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">then Chomsky came, regardless of environment where to produce language. mental and cognitive process involved in generating language.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">but it doesn't infer to any special method.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">speaking was an abstract process in isolation and didn't include communication, social context and relationship between language and meaning.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">In 1980s we had interactionist by role linguistic environment in interaction with innate capacity for language development.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">Levelt proposed that message should be planned based on :

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">1. conceptualization: based on context

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">2. formulation : accessing, choosing word and phrases to express meaning

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">3. articulation : organs that makes message

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">4. monitoring :   correct mistakes

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">and we can add automation to the above.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">so speaking is not in isolation any more. A complex process, interpersonal and related to psychomotor.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">According to Levelet now speaking is used in communication and affected by context.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">and in functional view by Halliday people learn to use language in cultural and social context so it became contextualized process.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">then we followed by intended meaning that is pragmatics and study on speech acts. Field that means topic, tenor that means participants relationship and mode that is channel of communications.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">Then we have intented meaning and pragmatigs,

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">Pragmatics are some communication that not only focus on speaker’s intention but on the effect that those intention have on hearers.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA">We use sppech act (request, apologize, complain, refuse) that means use of utterance on various situation, ( by considering politeness)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">then Hymes criticized Chomsky by definition of competence and performance.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">   he explained discourse competence by speaker's ability to use discourse feature.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">linguistic competence about grammar and phonology.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">pragmatic competence that means speaker's knowledge of function or illocutionary in utterance.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">he spoke about intercultural competence that is how to produce an appropriate spoken text within a particular sociocultural context.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">and at last he proposed strategic competence as a framework that add to above.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">we have now a problem in speaking that   is impermanence because we don't have review in writing or scanning in reading.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">When we have features in different stories, introductions,   background   information , .... and we expect a response from another speaker.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">We have some special conversation to open and close our speaking. And we alot of repetition in both content and form.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">sociolinguistics believed that language can be used to mark group membership and interpersonal or distance whether at lexical level, lexico-grammaticall and phonological or genre level.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">then psycolinguistics spoke about interaction, content, topic, common phrase and speech on occasion.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">they belived in :

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">1. Conceptualisation

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Become familiar with the content of the talk

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Organize the content of the talk for speech

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Explore additional content to add

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">2. Formulation

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Identify and recall relevant vocabulary and grammar for

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">managing the content of the talk and the interpersonal

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">functions (such as referential markers, aspect, tense and

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">modality)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Try out alternative vocabulary and grammatical resources

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Monitor the grammatical features required by the vocabulary

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">and syntax

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Develop cohesion

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">3. Output

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Attend to speech production

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA">- Attend to interlocutors’ understanding <span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA"> ( Jordens, 2006)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">we can use pre and post activity, jigsaw, whole class talk, choosing topic to teach speaking.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">for encouraging students, it 's better to have authentic speaking and based on real world. we can have purpose and refer it to proper schema, motivation, feedback and link between listener and speaker,

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">and we have talk to in answering the question or summarizing a movie and in contrary with talk with that means interact with other speaker

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">we should regard intonation, stress, loudness and tone for better speaking and use proper pauses.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">Turn taking is a collaborative behaviour, too.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">Speaking in difficult context   requires difficult kind of interaction. We should be completely aware before production.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">we have negotiations here those are some strategy in native language that will be used in second language too.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">we use gambits for initiating and terminating the conversation, we should use connectors and good feedback , accuracy, fluency , motivation, authenticity , correction , and link between listener and speaker.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">There are three kinds of speaking situations in which we find ourselves: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA"> mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">interactive,     mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;     mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">partially interactive, and mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">non-interactive. <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Interactive speaking situations include face-to-face conversations and telephone calls, in which we are alternately listening and speaking, and in which we have a chance to ask for clarification, repetition, or slower speech from our conversation partner. Some speaking situations are partially interactive, such as when giving a speech to a live audience, where the convention is that the audience does not interrupt the speech. The speaker nevertheless can see the audience and judge from the expressions on their faces and body language whether or not he or she is being understood.
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">Some few speaking situations may be totally non-interactive, such as when recording a speech for a radio broadcast. <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:184.05pt 196.25pt"><span lang="EN-CA" style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA">